Accurate Localization of Chromosome Centromere Based on Concave Points

Analyzing the features of the chromosomes can be very useful for diagnosis of many genetic disorders or prediction of possible abnormalities that may occur in the future generations. For this purpose, karyotype is often used, for which to be made, it is necessary to identify each one of the 24 chromosomes from the microscopic images. Definition and extraction of the morphological and band pattern-based features for each chromosome is the first step to identify them. Centromere location is an important morphological feature. In this paper, a novel algorithm for centromere localization is presented. The procedure is based on the calculation and analyzing the concavity degree of the chromosome's boundary pixels. In this method, the centerline of the chromosome is computed and the score of each pixel on the centerline is considered as the sum of the concavity degree of two pixels on the chromosome's boundary that are perpendicular to it. Finally, location of the centromere is estimated as one pixel on the centerline which is corresponding to the maximum score. When applied the proposed algorithm on 50 images, an average error of 2.25 pixels for centromere localization is achieved.